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liberty

Penses

by adam on July 17, 2009 · 0 comments

democracy versus justice

Who would feel better about the political situation in Iran if the majority of voters had, in fact, expressed a preference for Ahmadinejad?  That would be democracy-in-action, but would it be just?

If their purposes are to exercise State power to deprive people of freedoms, does it matter if “they” are a small team of thugs corrupting an election or a chorus of thousands enthusiastically participating in one?  If you oppose tyranny ipso facto, then you should reject the coercive intents of majorities and minorities alike.

Peaceful, transparent elections do not confer moral legitimacy on their outcomes. Put another way, there is no such thing as a virtuous political process that results in elected officials successfully pursuing aggressive, coercive public policies.

individualism and liberty

Any ideological trend that dismisses individualism and liberty as the limited concepts of a bygone age wreaks havoc in voluntary, peaceful society. Oh Adam, somebody might say, you’re simply regurgitating your own antiquated ideological prejudices. That response is consistent with and typical of the prevailing, conventional wisdom of professional politicians.

As I write this, that special group of elected officials has undertaken several initiatives based first and foremost on the superiority of the State and, by extension, on thorough evasion of individualism and liberty. If they are correct, and individualism and liberty are merely obsolete ideas, then it would be possible that collectivism and coercion will produce the beneficial results they have promised.

However, there’s a reason why collectivism and coercion have never produced more than misery and death, and that has to do with the very nature of human beings. Individuality is an observable phenomenon. Liberty is the political idea that acknowledges our nature as individuals, and because it is consistent with our most essential trait, it is the rule that has enabled human civilization to flourish, enhanced and extended healthy human life in every dimension. That is a statement of historical fact, not an ideological assertion. Collectivism and coercion contradict human nature. Of course humans live longer and healthier lives out of the reach of these artificial and lethal ideas.

Anybody willing to accept that each of us is an individual, as a matter of scientific fact, must not object, on a scientific basis, to the basic principle of individualism, which merely states that the natural state of being an individual should be respected by other people and should be protected by the Law.

Yes, we’re social animals, too. But the basis for our social interactions, the foundation that makes it possible for us to live together peacefully, cannot be that one or a group of us may treat some individuals as if they aren’t! As a matter of fact, it is the idea that each individual is entitled not to be interfered with, not to be deprived of life or the exercise of free will, that produces the most diverse, prosperous, and peaceful societies.

Building a public policy based on an evasion of the natural significance of human individuality is as devastatingly idiotic and doomed as building a bridge based on an evasion of rules of nature. And you know this in your bones, because when you imagine what your life would be like if you were deprived of the exercise of your free will, you know immediately, without hesitation, that your life would cease to be meaningful to you. [... Read on...]

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Today, as President Obama takes the oath thingy about upholding the U.S. Constitution— his hand resting not on the Constitution itself, but instead on a book bursting at the seams with befuddling contradictions, cruel prejudices, self-destructive rationales, and death-defying wish-fulfillment fantasies— pundits aplenty will trot out the vapid cliche, “the peaceful transfer of power,” to congratulate the country and its political elites on not resorting to bloody insurrection to install a new president. “America,” cliche-peddlers will propound, “is the envy of the world,” because of this peaceful power transfer business.

Don’t get me wrong, I have nothing against peaceful transfers. I was a half-back when I played football in my youth and always appreciated a decent hand-off at the beginning of a play. However, gushing over a peaceful transfer… of power… strikes me as jumping the gun in light of the obvious and pertinent question, the peaceful transfer of power to do what exactly?

Many people argue that a democratically elected president has earned the consent of the people, such consent being the prerequisite for the just exercise of political power. President Obama won the election fair and square, therefore he has the moral right to use his power to pursue the agenda that ostensibly got him elected. That’s an intuition-friendly notion, but it’s deeply flawed.

The process by which politicians are elected is separate and distinct from the source of an elected official’s moral legitimacy. The democratic means by which an American politician gains power do not justify the ends to which he purposes that power, just as the technical processes by which a bill becomes a law do not magically confer on that law the quality of being just. Tragically, we live in a time when the Constitution is treated primarily as an instructions manual for electing officials and passing laws. But it is fraudulent to assert that laws passed in a “constitutionally” adequate manner are necessarily constitutional. Substance matters, people!

How should elected officials morally justify their use of power?

In America, which is a republic not a democracy, each citizen’s freedom to act and our government’s latitude for passing and enforcing laws should be substantively limited (1) by the inherent value of individual human life and (2) by the concept that no one is above the law (ie, the rule of law). Doesn’t get more basic than this. Every person must be treated as the sole owner of his/her life; no person can be used against his/her will as a means to the ends of others; all laws apply equally to all people.

Another way of saying this is that in a free society, an individual’s actions and a legislature’s laws are justified by their consistent respect for private property rights, that is, each individual’s inviolable right to the use of his/her body, mind, labor, land, and belongings.

The most profound stimulus program that our government could possibly undertake would be based on (1) repealing all laws that regulate, tax, or punish nonviolent behavior, entrepreneurial activity, and voluntary trades and (2) repealing all laws that confer advantages and/or wealth on some at the involuntary expense of others. Respecting individual liberty and the rule of law would result in government we can afford and a sustainable, dynamic, wealth and innovation producing economy. And here’s the thing: President Obama has the power to advance this approach to our country’s dismal economic situation, which is itself a product of disrespecting individual liberty and undermining the rule of law.  Alas, don’t hold your breath. President Obama is launching his first term with politics-as-usual, nearly a trillion dollars worth of “stimulus” spending, using money he’ll borrow from ours and future generations’ earnings. Moreover, Obama promises more trillions in deficit spending to come. Audaciously, I hope that he’ll change his mind, give me something I can believe in, like real change, for example. Otherwise, I hope he’ll be thwarted by sensible opponents, though the ranks of the sensible are thin.

A peaceful transfer of power is a good start, but President Obama will be judged on what he did with the ball after the hand-off.  Here’s some of what I’ll be paying attention to over the next four years.

***

• To what extent will President Obama use his power to repeal/weaken/affirm/strengthen laws that interfere with my freedom to make decisions about the use and treatment of my body? In medical, recreational, reproductive, and sexual contexts, will President Obama leave me free to make choices and pursue options on my own, or intervene in ways that criminalize peaceful options or increase the costs of legal ones? Will he interfere with the market processes that generate more and less costly health care options, or will he wedge more bureaucracy between me and health care professionals? Will he set free people who are wasting away in jail for simple drug possession/drug use/or selling to adults?

• To what extent will President Obama interfere with my freedom and ability to make money, invest capital, hire employees, grow my business. Will he restrict nonviolent career options? Will he reject the bullying techniques of unions? Will he support or reject price floors on labor, tariffs, wealth transfers to groups of people or industries? Will he eliminate/decrease/increase taxes on capital gains? Will he use the tax code to discriminate against levels of success? Will he abolish the Department of Agriculture, or at the very least eliminate the sinful practice of paying farmers not to grow (or even to destroy) crops? Will he downsize or upsize the federal government? Will he get the government out of the retirement insurance business or raise taxes to meet shortfalls?

* To what extent will President Obama expand or reduce the global U.S. military presence? Will he repeal the Patriot Act? Will he engage in preemptive interventions? Will he only engage in foreign military actions after a proper declaration of war by Congress?

My libertylovin’ fingers are crossed on both hands.

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It may come as a shock to some (or many… okay, most) of you to think of your lived experiences in the following way, but there can be no doubt that those of you living in the U.S. lead your lives as de facto anarcho-capitalists.

Here’s what I mean.

You wake up amongst possessions that you consider your private property, and it is your operative assumption that only you and those to whom you give permission may use or borrow those possessions. You wake up in a place where you expect that you have privacy and security, where you have the right to lock the door and do as you please. You can eat an entire bag of almond M&Ms. You can read Rand and Marx and the NYTimes. You can weep and laugh your way through a chick flick and nobody will ever know.

Throughout the day, you peacefully interact with people, from family and friends to coworkers and strangers. And by peacefully, I don’t mean there aren’t loud arguments or even that some of those relationships won’t end badly. By peacefully, I mean that you don’t force people to interact with you against their will (ie, at the point of a gun), and vice versa. Your operative assumption is that all of your interactions are based on voluntary, mutual consent. You assume that if anyone were to attempt to coerce or defraud you, you would be within your rights to resist those attempts and hold them accountable for bad behavior.

Your relationship to your employer or client or whomever you have business dealing is fundamentally voluntary. The operative assumption is that each of you is made wealthier by your engagement, and that either one of you may terminate the relationship, peacefully.

At the grocery market or pizza parlor or consumer electronics store, the operative assumption is that you will select what you want and pay for it, or browse through the store and leave without anything. The operative assumption, the basis for all of trade, is that neither you nor those with whom you are transacting can legitimately be forced to make a trade against your will, and that any trade that does take place will involve mutually agreed upon exchanges of value.

Generally, your days go smoothly because most other people share these operative assumptions. This set of anti-coercive rules are so widely accepted that we consider them social norms. Yes, there are also laws against behaviors that contradict these assumptions, most people behave well not because they fear the consequences of breaking a law but because they are simply not inclined to be aggressive or fraudulent. Most of them are also intuitively sensitive to the adverse impact on their lives, not legally but socially, of tarnishing their reputation by being jerks or bullies or deceivers.

These operative assumptions/social norms are instilled in most of us at an early age. Young children believe they are entitled to everything, but they learn that isn’t the case through repeated experiences to the contrary. They hear, “That doesn’t belong to you, it belongs to him/her. If you want something, you can’t simply take it. You need to ask permission to use things that don’t belong to you. And if you don’t get permission, even after trying to be persuasive, you simply have to move on.” Eventually, when more socially experienced children resist giving back something they’ve borrowed, all they need to hear is, “Does that belong to you?” and most immediately relinquish the item or, on their own initiative, ask for permission to continue using it. Children don’t have money, but they are taught about the the responsibility of reciprocation (ie, that values cannot simply be received without some form of compensation) every time they’re encouraged to say, “Thank you,” in response to a favor or gift or similar receipt. They are properly shamed and humiliated for taking or aggressing or lying: “You wouldn’t want somebody to do that to you, right? How would you feel if somebody did that to you?” Some reply by pointing out that another child their age did something wrong, or even (gulp) that you did something just like what they did. What do you say? “Two wrongs don’t make a right, honey. I was wrong when I did that, too. I won’t do it again and neither should you. Now say you’re sorry.”

Children clearly learn by imitation. Most adults say “please” and “thank you” during exchanges, and they pay for food and other things at the market in a ritualized way (ie, money visibly changing hands), and most don’t ever resort to threatening or initiating force. In popular entertainment, social norms are embedded in tales of adventure or dramas involving justice. Children are always watching and learning social norms.

I’ll say it again. Self-identifying Democrats, Republicans, Socialists, Green Party people (Greenions? Greenites?), Independents, Libertarians, and Socialists are, especially long before and soon after elections, good anarchocapitalistic folks.

Consider the way you conduct your personal and professional lives. You’re generally not concerned with running anyone else’s life; on the other hand, you insist on running your own. You choose to rely upon and honor mutual consent, to resist coercion and interference with your peaceful pursuits, to respect the private property and privacy rights of others and expect the same in return, and to honor the capitalist code of voluntarily exchanging value for value.

You want four fully-stocked varieties of oranges and imported cheese around the block. You want the movie today and the book tomorrow and a trip to the beach next Summer and Bounty instead of the alternatives. You want entrepreneurial competition, the chance to get ahead in your career as your expertise grows. You want a vibrant marketplace, the chance to enhance or change your wealth-generating activities. Unfettered spontaneous, individual human action produces the dynamic setting for an opportunity-rich, highly individualized life. Especially if you were born in the U.S., one of your operative assumptions is that this will always be the case.

You’re all anarcho-capitalistic insofar as you prefer to lead a life on your own terms, peacefully and uninterfered with.

In light of that, there’s hope that you will find within yourselves reasons to halt your support for the coercive and fraudulent tactics that the vast majority of professional politicians undertake. There’s hope that you’ll grasp that your distance from the effects of your votes is never an excuse for endorsing the initiation of force (“How would you feel if somebody did that to you?”) to re-allocate wealth (“Does that belong to you?”).

When you search your heart for the reasons you do not personally take the time and initiative to coerce your family, friends, neighbors and fellow citizens, do you find any moral basis for voting to empower a surrogate to do that very thing? Behavior you would never accept in our personal life, you not only tolerate but even endorse among professional politicians. Why? The alchemy of yours and their good intentions?

Would you care about the intentions of somebody who bullied and stole from you? Do the intentions of a child or adult matter when they take what doesn’t belong to them and refuse to give it back?

Professional politicians butter their bread by breaking the backs of the social norms embedded in our peaceful approach to life. They cherish conflicts of interest, because such conflicts produce enthusiastic, highly motivated donors. Political careers are made by artfully choosing sides in manufactured conflicts where some parties have much to gain at the involuntary expense of others.

Politicians’ promises to you and me about hope and change you can believe in? Their claims that massive wealth transfers from you to corporations are critical for the salvation of the economy? Their assertions that transferring wealth from the private sector to the government and then back to the market is the first and best expression of compassion? These promises, claims, and assertions are the rationalizations of cult leaders who have placed their bets based on your apathy regarding the social norms they violate with impunity. Why do you comply with their devastating behavior when two wrongs cannot possibly make anything right?

Dear fellow anarcho-capitalistic citizens, you cannot for long love freedom in between your votes to empower those who despise it. How can you choose the side of professional politicians against your own daily libertyloving assumptions and expectations?

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Cultures that celebrate individuality are a relatively new phenomenon in human history, however their emerging prominence since the Enlightenment has steadily unleashed the creative potential of our species and human civilization has blossomed as a result. We live richer and longer lives today because individuality has never before now known a greater extent of legal protection nor richer variety of accessible expressive outlets.

It’s important to point out that while the fact of human individuality is universal, the productivity of individuality is a function of context. Scientific understandings of ourselves and the universe, our technological breakthroughs, our spectrum of artistic endeavor, and improvements in longevity and quality of life are traceable to the accomplishments of brilliant and enterprising individuals in the context of legal structures that recognize the value of individuality. How so? Individuality flourishes in social systems based on private property rights, which encourage and facilitate self-expression, communication, capital investment, and trade.

Human individuality has always been an extraordinary fact of the natural world. The individualistic and conceptual nature of human consciousness is the wellspring of a fascinating range of thought, behavior, and accomplishment. It is the adaptive tool that enables our survival and development, and it powers the diversity of humanity’s creative output. The benefits of human individuality are extended to greater and greater numbers of people as markets develop for individuals’ ideas, insights, products, and services evolve and spread across our globe.

As I understand it, love motivates individuals to develop and express their particular genius. Love is what motivates us to strive, to stretch our imagination, to experiment and take risks, to push our intellect to its limits and beyond. Love is the basis for adventure, for transcendence, for revolution. Love rejects the mundane, the convenient, the ignorant. Love is challenging.  Love being a conceptual catch-all for the values an individual prizes above all others, I believe that through love individuals discover and invent and create in ways that eventually produce value for all of us. It is through self-interested pursuit of realizing their individuality (ie, the fullest experience and expression of their unique loves) that individuals create value for others; in the context of romantic love, I believe it is the recognition of one’s most cherished values in another person.

A harmony of interests arises among self-interested individuals when profits accrue to those whose output creates compelling value propositions for others. Such individuals only interact with one another when prospective transactions leave both parties wealthier. When a self-interested individual’s output is not valued by others, he or she is still entitled to produce it. Individuality is not merely valuable insofar as it produces value for others. By the same token, being an individual does not entitle a person to other individuals’ resources. One person’s individuality is not a claim on others’ time, energy or wealth. Liberty is the moral principle by which an individual is entitled to pursue ends of his own choosing for his own reasons only never by means of coercing others. Liberty is the moral basis for the rule that all interactions between individuals must be based on voluntary, mutual consent. Liberty is an individual’s protection from being obligated to serve any interests against his or her will. Liberty is an individual’s protection from interference by others in the peaceful pursuit of his or her own ends.

Where love is simultaneously an ultimate motivation and expression of individuality, liberty defines the moral limits of individual action. Without love, individuality is unimaginative and unproductive. Without liberty, an individual might succeed at imposing his will on others, or the interests of a group might be imposed on individuals.

I’ll end this first post with the following conditional premise as food for thought. If you love your life, you’re a libertylover.

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